40 Years Of Evolution - Darwin s Finches On Daphne Major Island

"Renowned evolutionary biologists Peter and Rosemary Grant have produced landmark studies of the Galapagos finches first made famous by Charles Darwin. In ""How and Why Species Multiply,"" they offered a complete evolutionary history of Darwin s finc hes since their origin almost three million years ago. Now, in their richly illustrated new book, "" 40 Years of Evolution,"" the authors turn their attention to events taking place on a contemporary scale. By continuously tracking finch populations over a period of four decades, they uncover the causes and consequences of significant events leading to evolutionary changes in species. The authors used a vast and unparalleled range of ecological, behavioral, and genetic data--including song re cording s, DNA analyses, and feeding and breeding behavior--to measure changes in finch populations on the small island of Daphne Major in the Galapagos archipelago. They find that natural selection happens repeatedly, that finches hybridize and exch ange gen es rarely, and that they compete for scarce food in times of drought, with the remarkable result that the finch populations today differ significantly in average beak size and shape from those of forty years ago. The authors most spectacula r discove ry is the initiation and establishment of a new lineage that now behaves as a new species, differing from others in size, song, and other characteristics. The authors emphasize the immeasurable value of continuous long-term studies of natur al populat ions and of critical opportunities for detecting and understanding rare but significant events. By following the fates of finches for several generations, ""40 Years of Evolution"" offers unparalleled insights into ecological and evolutio nary changes in natural environments."